test: port worker + buffer test to N-API

This ports `test/addons/worker-buffer-callback` to N-API,
with the small exception of using external `ArrayBuffer`s rather
than external Node.js `Buffer`s.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/30551


Reviewed-By: Gabriel Schulhof <gabriel.schulhof@intel.com>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Denys Otrishko <shishugi@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Michael Dawson <michael_dawson@ca.ibm.com>