async_hooks: refactor to use more primordials

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/36168


Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Benjamin Gruenbaum <benjamingr@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Trivikram Kamat <trivikr.dev@gmail.com>