src: allow CLI args in env with NODE_OPTIONS

Not all CLI options are supported, those that are problematic from a
security or implementation point of view are disallowed, as are ones
that are inappropriate (for example, -e, -p, --i), or that only make
sense when changed with code changes (such as options that change the
javascript syntax or add new APIs).

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/12028


Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Michael Dawson <michael_dawson@ca.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Refael Ackermann <refack@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Gibson Fahnestock <gibfahn@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Bradley Farias <bradley.meck@gmail.com>