async_wrap: use more specific providers

Instead of wrapping several providers into PROVIDER_CRYPTO, have them
all be named after their class. Rename other providers to also match
their class names. With the exception of Parser. Which is actually
HTTPParser.

Add PROVIDER_LENGTH to make better checks in WrapperInfo().

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/12892
Ref: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/11883
Ref: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/8531


Reviewed-By: Andreas Madsen <amwebdk@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Sam Roberts <vieuxtech@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Matteo Collina <matteo.collina@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Refael Ackermann <refack@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Jeremiah Senkpiel <fishrock123@rocketmail.com>