test: add test for async contexts in PerformanceObserver

This test proves that the PerformanceObserver callback gets called with
the async context of the callsite of performance.mark()/measure() and
therefore AsyncLocalStorage can be used inside a PerformanceObserver.

PR: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/36343

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/36343


Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>