build: add CONFIG_FLAGS to with-code-cache target

This commit adds CONFIG_FLAGS to allow the with-code-cache target to be
used with a debug build. The motivation for this is to make it easier to
debug a build with the code cache enabled.

The suggested usage:
$ make BUILDTYPE=Debug with-code-cache

The BUILDTYPE option is not needed if ./configure was already
configured with --debug.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/22207


Reviewed-By: Richard Lau <riclau@uk.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Joyee Cheung <joyeec9h3@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Refael Ackermann <refack@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Jon Moss <me@jonathanmoss.me>