test: add regression test for signal handler removal in exit

Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/30581
Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/30582

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/30589
Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/30581


Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Gireesh Punathil <gpunathi@in.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Richard Lau <riclau@uk.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Beth Griggs <Bethany.Griggs@uk.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Michael Dawson <michael_dawson@ca.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>