timers: fix setTimeout expiration logic

Fix the timer logic to be the same as v10.30.0.

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/24203

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/24214


Reviewed-By: Benjamin Gruenbaum <benjamingr@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Gus Caplan <me@gus.host>
Reviewed-By: Anatoli Papirovski <apapirovski@mac.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Jeremiah Senkpiel <fishrock123@rocketmail.com>