test,n-api: re-write test_error in C

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/20244


Reviewed-By: Daniel Bevenius <daniel.bevenius@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Tiancheng "Timothy" Gu <timothygu99@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Trivikram Kamat <trivikr.dev@gmail.com>