errors: port internal/process errors to internal/errors

* Assign codes to the handful of errors reported by
  internal/process/*.js
* Include documentation for the new error codes
* Improve error messages
* Improve test coverage for process.nextTick

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/11294
Ref: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/11273


Reviewed-By: Michaël Zasso <targos@protonmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Joyee Cheung <joyeec9h3@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Evan Lucas <evanlucas@me.com>