src: allow adding linked bindings to Environment

This allows manually adding linked bindings to an `Environment`
instance, without having to register modules at program load in
a global namespace.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/30274


Reviewed-By: Gireesh Punathil <gpunathi@in.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>