src: clean up embedder API

Remove deprecated APIs (and deprecate one legacy API).

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/35897


Reviewed-By: Gireesh Punathil <gpunathi@in.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Benjamin Gruenbaum <benjamingr@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Joyee Cheung <joyeec9h3@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Tobias Nießen <tniessen@tnie.de>
Reviewed-By: Franziska Hinkelmann <franziska.hinkelmann@gmail.com>