async_hooks: optimize fast-path promise hook for ALS

Remove unnecessary native-to-JS code switches in fast-path for
PromiseHooks. Those switches happen even if a certain type of
hook (say, before) is not installed, which may lead to sub-optimal
performance in the AsyncLocalStorage scenario, i.e. when there is
only an init hook.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/34512


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Benjamin Gruenbaum <benjamingr@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: David Carlier <devnexen@gmail.com>