test:refactor test-tls-hello-parser-failure

* setTimeout() with no duration -> setImmediate()
* add common.mustCall() where appropriate
* var -> const
* .on() -> .once()

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/9715


Reviewed-By: Santiago Gimeno <santiago.gimeno@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Michael Dawson <michael_dawson@ca.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>