async_wrap: unroll unnecessarily DRY code

* Because Emit{Before,After}() will always exit the process if there's
  an exception there's no need to check a return value. This simplifies
  the conditions and makes {Pre,Post}CallbackExecution() unnecessary.
  They have been removed and relevant code has been moved to the
  respective call sites. Which are:
  * PromiseHook() never needs to run domains, and without a return value
    to check place the calls to Emit{Before,After}() on location.
  * The logic in MakeCallback() is simplified by moving the single calls
    to Emit{Before,After}() then doing a simpler conditional to check if
    the domain has been disposed.
* Change Domain{Enter,Exit}() to return true if the instance has been
  disposed. Makes the conditional check in MakeCallback() simpler to
  reason about.
* Add UNREACHABLE() after FatalException() to make sure all error
  handlers have been cleared and the process really does exit.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/14722


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Refael Ackermann <refack@gmail.com>