module: resolve and instantiate loader pipeline hooks

This enables a --loader flag for Node, which can provide custom
"resolve" and "dynamicInstantiate" methods for custom ES module
loading.

In the process, module providers have been converted from classes
into functions and the module APIs have been made to pass URL strings
over objects.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/15445


Reviewed-By: Bradley Farias <bradley.meck@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Jeremiah Senkpiel <fishrock123@rocketmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Michaël Zasso <targos@protonmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Timothy Gu <timothygu99@gmail.com>