test: add coverage for socket write after close

This commit adds test coverage for the scenario where a socket's
handle has been closed prior to writing.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/13171


Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Michael Dawson <michael_dawson@ca.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Refael Ackermann <refack@gmail.com>