build: allow icu download to use other hashes besides md5

- ICU uses sha512 instead of md5 in some recent releases
- Use hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed to choose the following algorithms:
    sha1 sha224 sha384 sha256 sha512 md5
- No preference as to the priority of the algorithms
- This commit does not change the hash used for ICU.

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/27369


Reviewed-By: Refael Ackermann <refack@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Ujjwal Sharma <usharma1998@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Richard Lau <riclau@uk.ibm.com>
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/27370