timers: warn on overflowed timeout duration

Cherry-pick from ayo

Ayo commit log:
> Previously there wasn't any clear indicator when you hit the overflow
> other than possibly unexpected behavior, and I think emitting a warning
> may be appropriate.

> PR-URL: https://github.com/ayojs/ayo/pull/71


> Reviewed-By: Scott Trinh <scott@scotttrinh.com>
> Reviewed-By: Alexey Orlenko <eaglexrlnk@gmail.com>
> Reviewed-By: Stephen Belanger <admin@stephenbelanger.com>
> Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
> Reviewed-By: Benjamin Gruenbaum <benjamingr@gmail.com>

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/15627


Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>