test: increase timeout in break-on-uncaught

As the failures suggest, this test expects the uncaught exception to
be thrown within 100 milliseconds, but on some of the test machines it
takes longer than that limit to notify the exception. Thats why the
test was failing.

This patch polls every 10 ms to see if the exception is received.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/10822



Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Santiago Gimeno <santiago.gimeno@gmail.com>