url: fix error type

Currently whatwg URLs fail with an incorrect error when null is
passed as the base. Adding a check before accessing a symbol
for the URL makes the URL error correctly. Add test for it.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/19299
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/19254


Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Daijiro Wachi <daijiro.wachi@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>
Reviewed-By: Michaël Zasso <targos@protonmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Tiancheng "Timothy" Gu <timothygu99@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Trivikram Kamat <trivikr.dev@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>