test: harden test-dgram-bind-shared-ports

* add `mustCall` and `mustNotCall` to all callbacks
* added `known_issue` for port binding

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/13100
Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/13055
Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/12999
Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/13526


Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Matteo Collina <matteo.collina@gmail.com>