test: harden the tick sampling logic

Under peculiar system load conditions, the profiler thread
does not get enough CPU slices to perform the sampling.
Improve the interaction between worker and parent thread
by performing a large disc read, which is a better blend of
CPU and I/O bound work, than earlier versions.
This produces x10 more samples than the existing one,
in 10 iterations, as opposed to 1024.

Also capture worker error situations to improve debugging

Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/26401#issuecomment-597438516

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/32190


Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>