src: refactor tickInfo access

- Wrap access to tickInfo fields in functions
- Rename `kHasScheduled` to `kHasTickScheduled` and
  `kHasPromiseRejections` to `kHasRejectionToWarn` for clarity - note
  the latter will be set to false if the rejection does not lead to
  a warning so the previous description is not accurate.
- Set `kHasRejectionToWarn` in JS land of relying on C++ to use
  an implict contract (return value of the promise rejection handler)
  to set it, as the decision is made entirely in JS land.
- Destructure promise reject event constants.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/25200


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>