module: improve support of data: URLs

Add support for loading modules using percent-encoded URLs.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/37392


Reviewed-By: Michaël Zasso <targos@protonmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Bradley Farias <bradley.meck@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Myles Borins <myles.borins@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Jan Krems <jan.krems@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Guy Bedford <guybedford@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Zijian Liu <lxxyxzj@gmail.com>