doc: include error code in buffer documentation

Replace mentions of `RangeError` with the specific error code (e.g.,
`ERR_INVALID_OPT_VALUE`). Minor improvements to nearby text (wrap at 80
chars, serial comma, remove unnecessary articles, use present tense
consistently).

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/19982


Reviewed-By: Vse Mozhet Byt <vsemozhetbyt@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Beth Griggs <Bethany.Griggs@uk.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Tobias Nießen <tniessen@tnie.de>
Reviewed-By: Trivikram Kamat <trivikr.dev@gmail.com>