Revert "worker: remove `ERR_CLOSED_MESSAGE_PORT`"

This reverts commit 73370b45.

The unit test is preserved to make sure it does not break
https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/26463 again.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/38510
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/38499


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>