test: add test for debugger restart message issue

Running "restart" in the debugger confusingly prints an out-of-date
"Debugger listening on..." message before printing a second updated one.

Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/39272

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/39273


Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>