cluster: use Map to track indexes

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/23125


Reviewed-By: Gus Caplan <me@gus.host>
Reviewed-By: Michaël Zasso <targos@protonmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Trivikram Kamat <trivikr.dev@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Denys Otrishko <shishugi@gmail.com>