src: ignore termination exceptions in fatal TryCatch

We don’t want these to terminate the process in case of
Worker threads receiving a termination exception, rather
than a “real one”.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/25141


Reviewed-By: Joyee Cheung <joyeec9h3@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Gus Caplan <me@gus.host>