test: split test-cli-syntax into multiple tests

Split test-cli-syntax into multiple files to improve reliability and/or
isolate unreliable test cases.

Move test cases back to parallel as appropriate.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/24922


Reviewed-By: Bryan English <bryan@bryanenglish.com>
Reviewed-By: Anatoli Papirovski <apapirovski@mac.com>