src: remove `ClearFatalExceptionHandlers()`

At its call sites, `ClearFatalExceptionHandlers()` was used to
make the process crash as soon as possible once an exception occurred,
without giving JS land a chance to interfere.

`ClearFatalExceptionHandlers()` awkwardly removed the current domain
and any `uncaughtException` handlers, whereas a clearer way is to
execute the relevant reporting (and `exit()`) code directly.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/17333
Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/17159
Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/17324


Reviewed-By: Anatoli Papirovski <apapirovski@mac.com>
Reviewed-By: Timothy Gu <timothygu99@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Daniel Bevenius <daniel.bevenius@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Andreas Madsen <amwebdk@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>