build: compile with C++17 (MSVC)

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/38807
Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/38788


Reviewed-By: Antoine du Hamel <duhamelantoine1995@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Jiawen Geng <technicalcute@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Juan José Arboleda <soyjuanarbol@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Michaël Zasso <targos@protonmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ash Cripps <acripps@redhat.com>