timers: fix priority queue removeAt

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/24322
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/24320
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/24362


Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>
Reviewed-By: Matteo Collina <matteo.collina@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Franziska Hinkelmann <franziska.hinkelmann@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Benjamin Gruenbaum <benjamingr@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Weijia Wang <starkwang@126.com>
Reviewed-By: Jeremiah Senkpiel <fishrock123@rocketmail.com>