async_hooks: introduce async-context API

Adding AsyncLocalStorage class to async_hooks
 module.
This API provide a simple CLS-like set
of features.

Co-authored-by: Andrey Pechkurov <apechkurov@gmail.com>

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/26540


Reviewed-By: Matteo Collina <matteo.collina@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Stephen Belanger <admin@stephenbelanger.com>
Reviewed-By: Gireesh Punathil <gpunathi@in.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Michaël Zasso <targos@protonmail.com>