module: support custom paths to require.resolve()

This commit allows custom lookup paths to be passed to
require.resolve(). It also adds require.resolve.paths()
which retrieves the default resolution paths.

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/5963
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/16389
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/16397


Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Wyatt Preul <wpreul@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Gireesh Punathil <gpunathi@in.ibm.com>