timers: refactor error handling

Instead of using nextTick to process failed lists, just attempt to
process them again from C++ if the process is still alive.

This also allows the removal of domain specific code in timers.

The current behaviour is not quite ideal as it means that all lists
after the failed one will process on an arbitrary nextTick, even if
they're — say — not due to fire for another 2 days...

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/18486


Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>
Reviewed-By: Jeremiah Senkpiel <fishrock123@rocketmail.com>