build: log detected compilers in --verbose mode

Log the versions of the detected compilers when the configure script
is run with `--verbose` to help verify which compiler is being used if
multiple toolchains are installed on the system.

Signed-off-by: Richard Lau <riclau@uk.ibm.com>

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/32715
Backport-PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/32820


Reviewed-By: Gireesh Punathil <gpunathi@in.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Rod Vagg <rod@vagg.org>
Reviewed-By: Sam Roberts <vieuxtech@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>