doc: revise "Breaking Changes and Deprecations"

Revise the "Breaking Changes and Deprecations" section of the
Collaborator Guide. Simplify the text. Remove redundant text. The
"Deprecations" section is thorough and linked to from this section.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/25116


Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Anto Aravinth <anto.aravinth.cse@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Michael Dawson <michael_dawson@ca.ibm.com>