inspector: drop 'chrome-' from inspector url

It has been reported that the
https://github.com/cjihrig/node-v8-inspector V8 inspector
extension can no longer connect DevTools (despite no code changes
to the extension since Feb. 2017). Upon investigation, Chrome
dropped support for the chrome-devtools: scheme recently. I've
confirmed that dropping 'chrome-' from the URL here allows the
debugger to function properly with modern Chrome.

Refs: https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/6700d12448f76712c62a6d2372a95b97a26d4779
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/33758


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Eugene Ostroukhov <eostroukhov@google.com>
Reviewed-By: Matheus Marchini <mat@mmarchini.me>
Reviewed-By: Trivikram Kamat <trivikr.dev@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: David Carlier <devnexen@gmail.com>