test: increase timeout on ASAN Action

Setting the timeout to 300s (or 5 minutes) instead of the default 120s
per test to limit the number of false negative on GH Action CI results.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/37007


Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>