lib: do not catch user errors

The API caught errors from inside of the users passed through callback.
This never caused any issues, since this API is only used internally.
Otherwise it would have potentially hidden bugs in user code.

Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/31133

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/31159


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Trivikram Kamat <trivikr.dev@gmail.com>