test: fix failing assertion

One test did not cause an assertion. By changing the test to use
`assert.throws()` all tests have to throw, otherwise the test will
fail.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/25250


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>