test: refactor test-https-truncate

* use common.mustCall() where appropriate
* Buffer.allocUnsafe() -> Buffer.alloc()
* do crypto check before loading any additional modules
* specify 1ms duration for `setTimeout()`

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/10225


Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Benjamin Gruenbaum <benjamingr@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>