src: implement query callbacks for vm

This allows using a Proxy object as the sandbox for a VM context.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/22390
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/17480
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/17481


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Gus Caplan <me@gus.host>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>