crypto: handle OpenSSL error queue in CipherBase

This handles all errors produced by OpenSSL within the CipherBase
class. API functions ensure that they do not add any new errors to the
error queue. Also adds a couple of CHECKs and throws under certain
conditions.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/21288
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/21281
Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/21287


Reviewed-By: Ujjwal Sharma <usharma1998@gmail.com>