test: refactor test-crypto-binary-default

* var -> const.
* Group and sort imports.
* Correctly align function arguments.
* Fix incorrect use of string instead of RegExp in `throws` assertions.
* assert.equal -> assert.strictEqual.
* Verify that callbacks are called with common.mustCall.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/9810


Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>