build: re-enable ASAN Action using clang

clang's linker seems to use considerably less memory than gcc, allowing
us to run on Actions without running out of memory.

Signed-off-by: Matheus Marchini <mmarchini@netflix.com>

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/32776


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Jiawen Geng <technicalcute@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>