src,test: fix JSON escaping in node-report

Previously only simple escape sequences were handled
(i.e. \n, \t, r etc.). This commit adds escaping of other control
symbols in the range of 0x00 to 0x20.

Also, this replaces multiple find+replace calls with a single pass
replacer.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/25626


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Richard Lau <riclau@uk.ibm.com>