worker: add setEnvironmentData/getEnvironmentData

These APIs allow arbitrary, cloneable JavaScript values to be set and
passed to all new Worker instances spawned from the current context.
It is similar to `workerData` except that environment data is set
independently of the `new Worker()` constructor, and the the value is
passed automatically to all new Workers.

This is a *partial* fix of https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/30992


but does not implement a complete fix.

Signed-off-by: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/37486


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Gireesh Punathil <gpunathi@in.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Darshan Sen <raisinten@gmail.com>